From ancient time until Roman time

The most ancient traces of stay of the person are found in Torable (province Soria). They are presented by ranechalle type together with skulls of the southern elephant, bones of the rhinoceros the Measure, etrussian rhinoceros, horse Stenona and other thermophilic kinds of animals.

Middle Ages

In the Spanish historiography there was an original representation about the Spanish Middle Ages. Since times of the Italian humanists of Renaissance the tradition was established to consider invasions of barbarians and falling of Rome in 410 н.э. A starting point of transition from an antique epoch by the Middle Ages, and the Middle Ages was considered as gradual approach Renaissance (15-16 centuries) when interest to culture of a classical antiquity again has woken up.

New and the newest history

Owing to Columbus's navigation in 1492 and to opening of New Light the basis of the Spanish colonial empire has been incorporated. As Portugal too applied for overseas possession, in 1494 has been concluded Тордесильясский the contract about section between Spain and Portugal.The next years frameworks of the Spanish empire have been considerably expanded. France has returned to Ferdinand boundary provinces of Catalonia, and Aragon strongly held the positions to Sardinia, Sicilies and in southern Italy 6 centuries) when interest to culture of a classical antiquity of Revival (15-16 centuries) when interest to culture of a classical antiquity again has woken up again has woken up.

Spain is located in a southwest of the Europe and borrows about 85 % of territory of Iberian peninsula, and also Balearic islands in Mediterranean sea and Canary islands in Atlantic ocean.

Total area of the country - 504 750 sq.km. Including islands and enclaves. The Earth: 499 400 кв.км. Water: 5 350 sq.km.

Borders

The country borders on France, Portugal, Andorra and an English colony Gibraltar. Spain achieves returning the sovereignty above Gibraltar. Under control of Spain there are cities of Ceutas and Melilla (in Northern Africa, in territory of Morocco) and islands Veles-de-la-Gomera, Alusemas, Alboran and Chafarinas.

The territory of the country in the east and the south is washed by Mediterranean sea, in the north and the West - waters of Atlantic ocean. Spain is on crossing of the important sea and air ways connecting the Europe with African and American continents.

Relief

The most part of the country is covered by plateaus and mountain ridges around of which plains and lowlands settle down. Woods borrow only 10 % of territory of Spain.

The highest top: Pico Teide (Tenerife) on Canary islands of 3 718 m. the highest top on continent: Мупасен in mountains Sierra-Nevadas - 3 478 m.

The Spanish climate - one of the best in Mediterranean sea. Hot beaches adjoin to hills, заросшими grapevines, citron trees and the mountains covered by pines. Monthly average temperature of air: in the summer +28 - +30, in the autumn +22 - +25.

Monthly average temperature of water: in the summer +25, in the autumn +20 - +22. The Swimming season - from the middle of May till October.

Very strong heat happens seldom - owing to affinity of mountains Pirenejskih, the sun at coast of Catalonia not seems ruthlessly scorching. The rain happens infrequently. The hottest month - July: +28 - +32.